Table of contents

Volume 38

Number 3, May 2003

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NEWS

181

Science Week: Bath Taps into Science Awards: Top of the SHAPs 2002 Wales: Virtual Instruments and Dataloggers INSET in Pembrokeshire Institute of Physics: Mission impossible? Astronomy Competition: Design your own constellations WMAP: Now we know WMAP: Prehistoric inflation WMAP: Where is the L2 Lagrange point? Materials Update: Energy efficient materials Institute of Physics: Women matter at IoP

COMMENT

FRONTLINE

SPECIAL FEATURE: UPDATING THE UNIVERSE

205

Our ideas about the mass and energy make-up of our universe and the way in which it will evolve in the future have undergone a marked change in the last few years. A wide diversity of experiments have now shown that the universe is dominated by a mysterious `dark energy', and that the normal matter which makes up the stars, planets and ourselves accounts for only some 4% of its total mass and energy content.

211

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Since the first planetary object was detected outside of the solar system, in 1991, over 100 extra-solar planets have been catalogued. This article describes how they are detected, what we know about them so far and includes a full listing of all known exoplanets. The science is in its infancy, and by the time school students graduate from university we expect to have developed the technology to understand whole systems of planets containing some that match our own.

218

In the past decade the hazard posed to the Earth by Near Earth Objects (NEOs) has generated considerable scientific and public interest. A number of major films, television programmes and media reports have brought the issue to public attention. From an educational perspective an investigation into NEOs and the effects of impacts on the Earth forms a topical and dynamic basis for study in a huge range of subjects, not just scientific. There are clear routes to chemistry, physics, mathematics and biology, but history, psychology, geography, palaeontology and geology are just a selection of other subjects involved.

A number of projects have been established, mainly in the USA, to determine the extent of the hazard, and to develop ways of countering it, but the present situation is far from satisfactory. Current detection and follow-up programmes are underfunded and lack international coordination.

224

Mankind has always been fascinated by Mars, and this article examines how this interest has evolved over time and been expressed in various ways, particularly in the literature of science fiction.

232

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There is still nothing to beat the excitement and fulfilment that you can get from observing celestial bodies on a clear dark night, in a remote location away from the seemingly ever increasing light pollution from cities. However, it is also the specific requirements for good observing that can sometimes prevent teachers from offering this opportunity to their students. Compromises for a town-based school or college might be to view only bright objects such as planets, or stars of magnitude 4 or brighter because of light pollution, but you would still require a knowledgeable teacher or astronomer and equipment to take outside with the students. Remote access astronomy using robotic telescopes can partly provide a solution to these problems and also opens up the doors to exciting projects that may otherwise be inaccessible to schools and colleges.

237

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Teaching university physics through the internet is not new, but a new course providing the same service for secondary school students is the first of its kind in Hong Kong. Taking advantage of the fast and affordable broadband internet in the region, some university courses have been converted to a cyber curriculum suitable for secondary school students. In the spring semester of 2002 an astronomy and astrophysics course has been offered for the first time to secondary school students in Hong Kong via the region's first Cyber University project for secondary schools. The course Introduction to Astrophysics and Astronomy is a general education course offered by the department of physics at the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST). In this article, we will describe our experiences in designing and running the course, discuss its effectiveness in comparison with traditional classes and suggest some possible future directions.

243
The following article is Free article

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Cosmology education has become an integral part of modern physics courses. Directed by National Curricula, major UK examination boards have developed syllabi that contain explicit statements about the model of the Big Bang and the strong observational evidence that supports it. This work examines the similarities and differences in these specifications and addresses when cosmology could be taught within a physics course, what should be included in this teaching and in what sequence it should be taught at different levels.

FEATURES

248

Almost everybody likes ice cream, so it can provide an excellent vehicle for discussing and demonstrating a variety of physical phenomena, such as Newton's law of cooling, Boyle's law and the relationship between microstructure and macroscopic properties (e.g. Young's modulus). Furthermore, a demonstration of freezing point depression can be used to make ice cream in the classroom!

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Kinetic models of a gas can be hard for students to understand. Typical tools do not display events at the microscopic level, yet computer simulations of the molecules lack a hands-on aspect. Here a new tool is described that combines the squeezing of a syringe with a computer simulation, and it is shown that this has worked well in class for both teachers and students.

PEOPLE

259

PERSONALITY (259) George Marx and international physics educationJon Ogborn

STARTING OUT (262) What Katie did next: part 4Katie Pennicott

REVIEWS

263

DISTANCE-LEARNING COURSES (263) Planetary Science and Astronomy

BOOK REVIEWS (263) A New Kind of Science Planetary Science: The Science of Planets Around Stars

EQUIPMENT (265) The Science Enhancement Program (SEP) Geiger Counter

WEB WATCH (265) Revision sites

SOFTWARE (267) Exploration of Physics Volume 1

LETTERS

268

'Electronium'? No, thanks Answer to the criticisms of J Strnad and J Warren Thermal behaviour inside an igloo: an improved model

SIGINING OFF