Table of contents

A review is given on the basic properties of 2:14:1 hard magnetic phases as well as technological procedures used for manufacturing R-Fe-B and R-Fe-C permanent magnets. First, we analyse the phase diagrams, crystal structure of hard magnetic phases and composition ranges in which these phases form solid solutions, as a result of various types of substitution. Then, the magnetic properties of and -based compounds are described. The routes used for manufacturing R-Fe-B and R-Fe-C permanent magnets are detailed. The magnets' microstructure as well as their coercivities are described in correlation with composition and manufacturing routes. The properties of nanostructure magnets are then presented. Finally, the stability of Nd-Fe-B and Nd-Fe-C magnets in various working conditions is analysed.

Ferroelectric, dielectric and piezoelectric properties of ferroelectric thin films and ceramics are reviewed with the aim of providing an insight into different processes which may affect the behaviour of ferroelectric devices, such as ferroelectric memories and micro-electro-mechanical systems. Taking into consideration recent advances in this field, topics such as polarization switching, polarization fatigue, effects of defects, depletion layers, and depolarization fields on hysteresis loop behaviour, and contributions of domain-wall displacement to dielectric and piezoelectric properties are discussed. An introduction into dielectric, pyroelectric, piezoelectric and elastic properties of ferroelectric materials, symmetry considerations, coupling of electro-mechanical and thermal properties, and definitions of relevant ferroelectric phenomena are provided.