Table of contents

The status of the EMC effect, the anomalous scattering of leptons on nuclei, is reviewed, together with models which have been formulated to explain it. The implications for other processes are discussed, in particular the relevance to problems in conventional nuclear physics.

In this review, we summarize the present status of theories of the spin fluctuation (SF) mechanism in explaining anomalous or non-Fermi liquid behaviours and unconventional superconductivity (SC) in strongly correlated electron systems around the antiferromagnetic (AF) quantum critical point. We refer to the high-T_c cuprates, two-dimensional organic compounds and heavy electron systems. We argue that the SF theories are successful in explaining at least the essential part of the problems, indicating that AF SF is the common origin of SC in these systems. This review is concluded by several comments on remaining problems which may require some additions to the SF theory, like the pseudo-gap phenomena observed in the hole-underdoped cuprates.

An introductory review on the critical behaviour of some irreversible reaction systems is presented. The study of these systems has attracted great attention during the last decades due to, on the one hand, the rich and complex underlying physics, and, on the other, their relevance to numerous technological applications in heterogeneous catalysis, corrosion and coating, development of microelectronic devices, etc. The review focuses on recent advances in the understanding of irreversible phase transitions (IPTs), providing a survey of the theoretical development in the field during the last decade, as well as a detailed discussion of relevant numerical simulations. The Langevin formulation for the treatment of second-order IPTs is discussed. Different Monte Carlo (MC) approaches are also presented in detail and the finite-size-scaling analysis of second-order IPT's is described. Special attention is devoted to the description of the recent progress in the study of first-order IPTs observed upon catalytic oxidation of carbon monoxide and the reduction of nitrogen monoxide, using lattice gas reaction models. Only brief comments are given on other reactions such as the oxidation of hydrogen, ammonia synthesis. Also, a discussion of relevant experiments is presented and measurements are compared with the numerical results. Furthermore, promising areas for further research and open questions are also addressed.