Table of contents

The Review discusses in what elementary chemical reactions the intrinsic angular momentum of electrons and nuclei is conserved and in what reactions it is not conserved, how weak electron-nuclear magnetic interaction and an external magnetic field influence the conservation of angular momentum and what are the consequences of this effect, and what magnetic effects occur in chemical reactions, as well as the conditions for their development and detection. Conditions are formulated for the non-conservation of the intrinsic angular momentum of electrons and nuclei in chemical reactions. The bibliography contains 36 references.

Results of research on chemical reactions in frozen multicomponent systems are summarised. Transition of a system into a peculiar solid state leads to the appearance of several characteristic features, which can be explained on the basis of a structural–kinetic model. A list of 104 references is included.

Combustion processes leading to the formation of valuable products of chemical technology and metallurgy — acetylene, carbon black, starting materials for acid manufacture, metal oxides, ferro-alloys, refractory compounds, etc. — are surveyed with emphasis on the possibilities and the advantages of combustion as a technical chemical procedure. Prospects for the widespread utilisation of combustion processes in chemical technology and metallurgy are examined on the basis of specific examples. Certain aspects of the development of combustion theory in connection with technical problems are discussed. A list of 78 references is included.

The review deals with the problem of the form of isotherms for adsorption on homogeneous and inhomogeneous surfaces with and without dissociation when the adsorbate molecule occupies a single elementary site on the surface or several such sites, for polymolecular adsorption, and for adsorption in the micropores. The bibliography includes 74 references.

The general relations governing the formation of gel-like systems in electrolyte solutions have been formulated for particles of different size and shape. Comparison of the results of numerous experimental studies with data derived by theoretical analysis confirms the decisive role of long-range forces in the formation of periodic colloid structures and the extensive occurrence of these structures in nature and in technology. Peptisation, thixotropic processes, and syneresis as well as the phenomenon of reversibility in the formation of periodic colloid structures are examined and methods for estimating the interaction forces between dispersed particles are discussed on the basis of the rheological properties of periodic colloid structures. The bibliography includes 343 references.

The literature data on the substitution of hydrogen under the influence of nucleophilic agents in aromatic and heteroaromatic systems and in quinones are reviewed. The absence of an ionic stabilisation of the hydrogen substituted with its pair of binding electrons is responsible for the specific nature of the reactions under consideration, which is different from that of the nucleophilic substitution of other species and from that of the electrophilic substitution of hydrogen, necessitating the use of an oxidant in most instances. The bibliography includes 227 references.

Various types of reactions of compounds containing vinylcyclopropane groups are considered, particular attention being devoted to data from which the mechanisms of the rearrangements can be inferred. The bibliography includes 100 references.