Table of contents

The available data on the formation of quarks and gluons in hard interactions of particles and their hadronization into hadron jets at high energies are reviewed. Data on the structure functions, fragmentation properties, and interactions of partons are examined. Modern theoretical interpretations of the parton hadronization stage and estimates of the strong interaction constant are presented. The universality of the characteristics of a hadron jet in soft and hard interactions of particles is pointed out.

The advent of the laser and its extensive application have led to the creation of new topics in science and technology. One is modern fiber optics. The most highly developed application of fiber optics at present is fiber-optic communication. This review discusses different types and technologies of low-loss glass optical fiber, the theory of optical fibers, and certain phenomena that accompany the propagation of optical radiation in such fibers, including nonlinear optical phenomena.

A review is given of the history of, and progress in the field of quantum electronics at the P. N. Lebedev Physics Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (FIAN). The paper was presented on March 21, 1985 at the International Conference CLEO '85 dedicated to the 25th anniversary of quantum electronics, Baltimore, USA.

The spin dynamics and the orbital dynamics in the A and B phases of superfluid ³He are analyzed. Attention is focused on solitons and instantons: nonsingular configurations of the field of the order parameter of the ³He superfluid phases. A qualitative explanation in terms of solitons and instantons is offered for several experiments involving the A and B phases of ³He. The analysis of these questions is prefaced by some general information on the order parameter and the free energy in superfluid ³He.

TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. New classes of superconductors 199 2. Methodology 201 3. Possibilities of increasing T_c 202 References 208