Table of contents

An enormous number of scientific papers have been devoted to high-temperature superconductors. For this reason this report only touches upon certain topics. These topics include the history of the study of superconductivity and the discovery of high-T_c superconductivity, the calculation of the critical temperature T_c of the superconducting transition and ways of increasing this temperature, and the mechanism that provides for high T_c values. This report also examines the specific details of high-T_c superconductivity within the framework of the macroscopic theory of superconductivity and the question of thermocirculational thermoconductivity in high-T_c superconductors. Finally, a few comments are made concerning the future study of this topic.

This review is devoted to an investigation of the pattern formation problem in mobile micro-organism populations. This pattern formation is due to the nonlinear character of the processes which control the behavior of an individual organism. Various examples of the pattern formation (population waves, swarms, Rayleigh–Taylor cells, "green holes", etc.) are reviewed in detail. It is demonstrated that the stability of these patterns is due to the interaction between organism and environment. The importance of investigating the transformation from random motion of individual cells to determinate behavior of cellular collectives for progress in bioengineering is discussed.

This article reviews the most recent experimental approaches to the study of, and the results of investigations of multi-electron secondary emission resulting from the bombardment of the surface of a solid by atomic particles with energies of 1–10³ keV. The results of measurements of the differential characteristics of secondary electron emission (emission statistics, energy and angular distributions) are discussed. Theoretical approaches to a quantitative description of the principal characteristics of multi-electron secondary emission are considered, and the results of a Monte Carlo modeling, reproducing the principal observed MUSE effects are discussed.