Table of contents

CONTENTS Introduction 359 I. General Expressions for Scattering Cross Sections 360 1. Time Formalism in Scattering Theory 360 2. Interaction of Slow Neutrons with Magnetic Materials 362 3. Differential Scattering Cross Sections for Unpolarized Neutrons 363 II. Elastic Scattering 364 4. Nuclear Scattering in Single and Polycrystals 364 5. Magnetic Scattering in Single and Polycrystals 367 III. Inelastic One-quantum Scattering 369 6. Scattering with Emission and Absorption of a Phonon 369 7. Scattering with Emission and Absorption of a Spin Wave 373 IV. Magnetic Critical Scattering 380 8. Scattering in the Neighborhood of the Curie and Neel points 380 V. Scattering of Polarized Neutrons 385 9. Differential Cross Section for Scattering of Polarized Neutrons 385 10. Change in Polarization on Scattering in Ferro- and Antiferromagnets 386 Literature 388

CONTENTS 1. Introduction 390 2. Local Measurements of Humidity 392 3. Spectral Measurements 398 4. Indirect Methods of Estimating Humidity 405 5. Possible Sources and Sinks of Moisture in the Stratosphere 406 6. Conclusion 408 Literature 408

INTRODUCTION I. Spark Counters 429 1. General Description of Spark Counters 429 2. Counting Characteristic 429 3. Counter Efficiency 431 4. Time Characteristics of Counters 431 5. Accuracy of Particle Trajectory Coordinate Measurement 432 II. Triggered Spark Counters 435 6. Operating Principle of Triggered Spark Counters 435 7. Counting Characteristic 436 8. Time Characteristics 437 9. The Counter as a Track Instrument. The Counter in a Magnetic Field. Simultaneous Registration of Several Particles 439 10. Remarks Concerning Construction Features 440 11. New Variant of Triggered Pulse Supply for Counters 440 III. Discharge and Spark Chambers 441 12. Introduction 441 13. New Type of Particle Detector–"Discharge Chamber" 441 14. Spark Chamber. Counting Characteristic of the Spark Chamber 444 15. Time Characteristics of the Spark Chamber 446 16. Simultaneous Registration of Several Particles 447 17. Deviation of the Spark from the Particle Trajectory 448 18. Succession of Sparks Along the Particle Track 449 19. Spark Chamber in a Magnetic Field 451 20. Spark Chamber Constructions 452 21. Effect of Additives in the Working Gas on the Characteristics of Spark Chambers 453 22. Features of Photography of Particle Tracks in Discharge and Spark Chambers 454 23. Microwave Chamber 454 IV. Applications of Discharge and Spark Chambers 455 24. Comparison of Spark Chamber with Other Particle Detectors 455 25. Applications of Spark Chambers 455 Literature 457