Abstract
A novel time-reversal symmetry breaking state is found theoretically in the Josephson junction between a two-gap superconductor and a conventional s-wave superconductor. This occurs as a result of frustration between the three order parameters analogous to two antiferromagnetically coupled XY-spins put under a magnetic field. This leads to formation of interface states with energies inside the superconducting gap and modified flux quantization condition for a ring composed of the two types of superconductors.
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