Table of contents

Radiative recombination of 2D electrons with photoexcited holes in a single GaAlAs–GaAs heterojunction is used to illustrate the possibilities of the magneto-optic approach to the investigation of the ground state of strongly-correlated electrons in the ultraquantum limit. The method is used to determine the Coulomb gaps of quantum liquids and their hierarchy in the fractional quantum Hall effect. Wigner crystallization of 2D electrons is investigated and an analysis of time-resolved recombination spectra is used to reconstruct the phase boundary of the Wigner crystal.

This paper is concerned with the refinement of the quantitative conclusions of the hydrodynamic theory of multiparticle processes which was put forward by Landau 40 years ago. The experimental data obtained by modern accelerators are compared with the predictions and conclusions of the theory. A comparison is made between the model proposed by Landau and the scaling model. The authors point out that in the latter model the initial temperature and energy density values are underestimated. The concepts of the hydrodynamic theory and the quark-gluon theory are compared. The common nature of the two approaches is noted and some discussion is presented regarding ways of developing the two directions. Collisions of heavy nuclei are analyzed.

Forty years ago the author published in "Uspekhi Fizicheskikh Nauk" the article "The origin of cosmic rays and radioastronomy." In it the galactic model of the origin of cosmic rays was developed. With this was associated the assumption of the small intensity of cosmic rays in the Metagalaxy. Such an assumption indicating the lack of validity of metagalactic models of the origin of cosmic rays has been confirmed only very recently. This has been accomplished with the aid of measurements on the gamma-observatory of the flux of gamma rays from the Magellanic Clouds. In this article the corresponding results are quoted and discussed.

Radiative processes of the flame of a candle and of fractal discharges associated with the presence in them of fractal aggregates are examined. A brief description is given of the modern fractal concept of ball lightning. An analysis is given of a specific physical object—a fractal tangle.

Work on the physics of nonlinear optical lenses is reviewed. The foundations of the theory of optical systems with thin nonlinear lenses are examined. The results of investigations of nonlinear lenses under different conditions of laser excitation are presented and analyzed. The basic applications of nonlinear lenses in optical measurements and for control of laser radiation are discussed.

Equations for the phase functions are presented in a form convenient for analyzing the solutions of both the Schrödinger equation and the problem of electromagnetic wave propagation in inhomogeneous media. It is shown how the problem of electromagnetic wave propagation in media with a real-valued dielectric constant (and, hence, the problem of above- and below-barrier transmission) reduces to one of calculating the phase for the potential scattering. One can then obtain not only such integrated characteristics as the coefficients of transmission and reflection but also exact expressions for the solution of the wave equation, in the form of quadratures containing the current ("instantaneous") value of the phase. The problem simplifies substantially for a layer symmetric with respect to the coordinate. It is shown that the method of phase functions gives an exact description of two opposite limiting cases, viz., the short-wavelength limit and Fresnel reflection, through a single simple analytical formula. A detailed discussion is given for above- and below-barrier reflection near the edge of the barrier.

A discussion is presented in which it is considered how properly to evaluate the results of a statistical analysis of the data of physical experiments and how, in particular, to teach statistical methods to students. The case is made that hopes traditionally placed on statistical procedures and methods are often betrayed. Ultimately, the reason is that usual probability model of errors of observation are, as a rule, invalid if considered as physical models. However, if the results of data analysis are evaluated in the frameword of a statistical paradigm, then it is entirely possible that they will be useful for physical applications.