The International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA) was founded in 1978 and was the first institution in Italy to promote post-graduate courses leading to a Doctor Philosophiae (or PhD) degree. A centre of excellence among Italian and international universities, the school has around 65 teachers, 100 post docs and 245 PhD students, and is located in Trieste, in a campus of more than 10 hectares with wonderful views over the Gulf of Trieste.
SISSA hosts a very high-ranking, large and multidisciplinary scientific research output. The scientific papers produced by its researchers are published in high impact factor, well-known international journals, and in many cases in the world's most prestigious scientific journals such as Nature and Science. Over 900 students have so far started their careers in the field of mathematics, physics and neuroscience research at SISSA.
ATLAS pixel detector electronics and sensors
G Aad11, M Ackers2, F A Alberti12, M Aleppo12,13, G Alimonti12, J Alonso1, E C Anderssen1, A Andreani12,13, A Andreazza12,13, J-F Arguin1, K E Arms15, D Barberis7,8, M B Barbero2, M Bazalova17, R B Beccherle7, K H Becks24, P K Behera9, F Bellina24, J Beringer1, K Bernardet11, J B Biesiada1, L Blanquart1, J Boek24, G R Boyd16, P Breugnon11, P Buchholz19, B Butler18, M Caccia12,13, A C Capsoni12, C Caso7,8, D Cauz21,22, M Cepeda1, R Cereseto7, M Cervetto7,8, M L Chu20, M Citterio12, J C Clemens11, Y C Coadou3, M Cobal21,22, A Coccaro7,8, S Coelli12, S Correard11, M Cristinziani2, S Cuneo7, S D'Auria21,22, M Dameri7, G Darbo7, S Dardin1, B De Lotto21,22, U De Sanctis12,13, J B De Vivie De Regie11, C Del Papa21,22, P Delpierre11, B Di Girolamo3, W Dietsche2, F Djama11, D Dobos6, M Donega3, J Dopke24, K Einsweiler1, A Eyring2, D Fasching23, L Feligioni11, D Ferguson23, W Fernando15, P Fischer2, M J Fisher15, T Flick24, G Gagliardi7,8, E Galyaev5, K K Gan15, M Garcia-Sciveres1, N Garelli7,8, G G Gariano7, G G Gaycken2, C Gemme7, P Gerlach24, M Gilchriese1, M P Giordani21,22, D Giugni12, K W Glitza24, C Gössling6, T Golling1, F Goozen1, I Gorelov14, G Gorfine24, C Grah24, H M Gray4, I M Gregor24, J Grosse-Knetter2, K Grybel19, P Gutierrez16, G D Hallewell11, N Hartman1, M Havranek17, B Heinemann1, T Henß24, M R Hoeferkamp14, D Hoffmann11, M Holder19, W Honerbach2, C Horn18, S Hou20, G S Huang16, F Huegging2, E W Hughes4, I Ibragimov19, I Ilyashenko3, M Imhaeuser24, J M Izen5, J Jackson15, D Jana16, R C Jared23, P Jez17, T Johnson1, J Joseph23, H Kagan15, M Karagounis2, R D Kass15, M Keil2, S Kersten24, P Kind24, J Klaiber-Lodewigs6, L Klingbeil2, R Klingenberg6, A Korn1, V V Kostyukhin7, I Kostyukhina7, O Krasel6, H Krüger2, K Krueger1, J Kudlaty6, T Kuhl2, O Kvasnicka17, K Lantzsch24, T Lari12, S L Latorre12, S C Lee20, T Lenz24, G Lenzen24, J Lepidis24, J Levêque11, M Leyton1, D Lopez Mateos4, K F Loureiro15, D Lüke6, L Luisa21,22, J Lys1, R J Madaras1, P Mättig24, F M Manca12, E Mandelli1, M Marcisovsky17, Z Marshall4, G Martinez2, L Masetti2, M Maß6, M Mathes2, R McKay10, G Meddeler1, R Meera-Lebbai16, C Meroni12, J Metcalfe14, W T Meyer10, D W Miller18, W Miller1, S Montesano12,13, M M Monti12, P Morettini7, J M Moss15, T Mouthuy11, P Nechaeva7, W Ockenfels2, G A Odino7,8, M Olcese7, B Osculati7,8, F Parodi7,8, A Pekedis1, K Perez4, I Peric2, C Pizzorno7, J Popule17, R Post1, F Ragusa12,13, A M Rahimi15, B Raith2, S Rajek6, K Reeves24, I Reisinger6, J D Richardson1, E I Rosenberg10, L P Rossi7, I Rottländer2, A R Rovani7, A Rozanov11, O Runolfsson2, E R Ruscino7, A F Saavedra1, F S Sabatini12, M Saleem16, S Sandvoss24, B Sanny24, L Santi21,22, M I Scherzer1, C Schiavi7,8, A Schreiner9, J Schultes24, A Schwartzman18, R Seibert19, S C Seidel14, H Severini16, S Shanava3, P Sicho17, P Skubic16, A C Smith1, D S Smith15, J Snow16, T Stahl19, T Stockmanns2, S Strandberg1, M Strauss16, D Ta2, F Tegenfeldt10, P K Teng20, R Ter-Antonyan15, J Thadome24, T Tic17, L Tomasek17, M Tomasek17, F Tomasi12, K Toms14, C Tran1, J Treis2, N Triplett10, C Troncon12, L Vacavant11, S Vahsen1, J Valenta17, G Vegni12,13, F Vernocchi7, E Vigeolas11, J Virzi1, E Viscione12, V Vrba17, J Walbersloh6, W Walkowiak19, J Weber6, T F Weber1, J Weingarten6, C Weldon1, N Wermes2, U Werthenbach19, J S Wirth1, R Witharm1, B Witt24, M Wittgen18, J Wuestenfeld6, R Wunstorf6, J Wyckoff1, W-M Yao1, C Young18, R Zaidan11, M Zdrazil1, F Zetti1, J Zhong20, M Ziolkowski19, G Zizka1 and M M Zoeller15
Published 24 July 2008 •
Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd
Journal of Instrumentation,
Volume 3,
July 2008
Citation G Aad et al 2008 JINST3 P07007DOI 10.1088/1748-0221/3/07/P07007
1 Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California, Physics Division MS50B-6227, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States of America
2 Physikalisches Institut der Universität Bonn, Nussallee 12, D - 53115 Bonn, Germany
3 CERN, CH - 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
4 Columbia University, Nevis Laboratory, 136 So. Broadway, Irvington, NY 10533, United States of America
5 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX 75080-3021, United States of America
6 Universität Dortmund, Experimentelle Physik IV, DE - 44221 Dortmund, Germany
7 INFN Genova, via Dodecaneso 33, IT - 16146 Genova, Italy
8 Università di Genova, Dipartimento di Fisica, via Dodecaneso 33, IT - 16146 Genova, Italy
9 203 VAN ALLEN HALL, IOWA CITY IA 52242-1479, United States of America
10 Iowa State University, Dept of Physics and Astronomy, Ames High Energy Physics Group, Ames, IA 50011-3160, United States of America
11 CPPM, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, Marseille, France
12 INFN Milano, via Celoria 16, IT - 20133 Milano, Italy
13 Università di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, via Celoria 16, IT - 20133 Milano, Italy
14 Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico Albuquerque, NM 87131, United States of America
15 Ohio State University, 191 West Woodruff Ave, Columbus, OH 43210-1117, United States of America
16 University of Oklahoma, Homer L. Dodge Department of Physics 440 West Brooks, Room 100, Norman, OK 73019-0225, United States of America
17 Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic Na Slovance 2, CZ - 18221 Praha 8, Czech Republic
18 Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Stanford, California 94309, United States of America
19 Universität Siegen, Fachbereich Physik, DE - 57068 Siegen, Germany
20 Insitute of Physics, Academia Sinica, TW - Taipei 11529, Taiwan
21 INFN Gruppo Collegato di Udine, via delle Scienze 208, IT - 33100 Udine, Italy
22 Università di Udine, Dipartimento di Fisica, via delle Scienze 208, IT - 33100 Udine, Italy
23 University of Wisconsin, Department of Physics, Madison, WI 53706, United States of America
The silicon pixel tracking system for the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider is described and the performance requirements are summarized. Detailed descriptions of the pixel detector electronics and the silicon sensors are given. The design, fabrication, assembly and performance of the pixel detector modules are presented. Data obtained from test beams as well as studies using cosmic rays are also discussed.