The International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA) was founded in 1978 and was the first institution in Italy to promote post-graduate courses leading to a Doctor Philosophiae (or PhD) degree. A centre of excellence among Italian and international universities, the school has around 65 teachers, 100 post docs and 245 PhD students, and is located in Trieste, in a campus of more than 10 hectares with wonderful views over the Gulf of Trieste.
SISSA hosts a very high-ranking, large and multidisciplinary scientific research output. The scientific papers produced by its researchers are published in high impact factor, well-known international journals, and in many cases in the world's most prestigious scientific journals such as Nature and Science. Over 900 students have so far started their careers in the field of mathematics, physics and neuroscience research at SISSA.
The ALICE experiment at the CERN LHC
The ALICE Collaboration, K Aamodt, A Abrahantes Quintana, R Achenbach, S Acounis, D Adamová, C Adler, M Aggarwal, F Agnese, G Aglieri Rinella, Z Ahammed, A Ahmad, N Ahmad, S Ahmad, A Akindinov, P Akishin, D Aleksandrov, B Alessandro, R Alfaro, G Alfarone, A Alici, J Alme, T Alt, S Altinpinar, W Amend, C Andrei, Y Andres, A Andronic, G Anelli, M Anfreville, V Angelov, A Anzo, C Anson, T Anticić, V Antonenko, D Antonczyk, F Antinori, S Antinori, P Antonioli, L Aphecetche, H Appelshäuser, V Aprodu, M Arba, S Arcelli, A Argentieri, N Armesto, R Arnaldi, A Arefiev, I Arsene, A Asryan, A Augustinus, T C Awes, J Äysto, M Danish Azmi, S Bablock, A Badalà, S K Badyal, J Baechler, S Bagnasco, R Bailhache, R Bala, A Baldisseri, A Baldit, J Bán, R Barbera, P-L Barberis, J M Barbet, G Barnäfoldi, V Barret, J Bartke, D Bartos, M Basile, V Basmanov, N Bastid, G Batigne, B Batyunya, J Baudot, C Baumann, I Bearden, B Becker, J Belikov, R Bellwied, E Belmont-Moreno, A Belogianni, S Belyaev, A Benato, J L Beney, L Benhabib, F Benotto, S Beolé, I Berceanu, A Bercuci, E Berdermann, Y Berdnikov, C Bernard, R Berny, J D Berst, H Bertelsen, L Betev, A Bhasin, P Baskar, A Bhati, N Bianchi, J Bielčik, J Bielčiková, L Bimbot, G Blanchard, F Blanco, F Blanco, D Blau, C Blume, S Blyth, M Boccioli, A Bogdanov, H Bøggild, M Bogolyubsky, L Boldizsár, M Bombara, C Bombonati, M Bondila, D Bonnet, V Bonvicini, H Borel, F Borotto, V Borshchov, Y Bortoli, O Borysov, S Bose, L Bosisio, M Botje, S Böttger, G Bourdaud, O Bourrion, S Bouvier, A Braem, M Braun, P Braun-Munzinger, L Bravina, M Bregant, G Bruckner, R Brun, E Bruna, O Brunasso, G E Bruno, D Bucher, V Budilov, D Budnikov, H Buesching, P Buncic, M Burns, S Burachas, O Busch, J Bushop, X Cai, H Caines, F Calaon, M Caldogno, I Cali, P Camerini, R Campagnolo, M Campbell, X Cao, G P Capitani, G Cara Romeo, M Cardenas-Montes, H Carduner, F Carena, W Carena, P Cariola, F Carminati, J Casado, A Casanova Diaz, M Caselle, J Castillo Castellanos, J Castor, V Catanescu, E Cattaruzza, D Cavazza, P Cerello, S Ceresa, V Černý, V Chambert, S Chapeland, A Charpy, D Charrier, M Chartoire, J L Charvet, S Chattopadhyay, S Chattopadhyay, V Chepurnov, S Chernenko, M Cherney, C Cheshkov, B Cheynis, P Chochula, E Chiavassa, V Chibante Barroso, J Choi, P Christakoglou, P Christiansen, C Christensen, O A Chykalov, C Cicalo, L Cifarelli-Strolin, M Ciobanu, F Cindolo, C Cirstoiu, O Clausse, J Cleymans, O Cobanoglu, J-P Coffin, S Coli, A Colla, C Colledani, C Combaret, M Combet, M Comets, G Conesa Balbastre, Z Conesa del Valle, G Contin, J Contreras, T Cormier, F Corsi, P Cortese, F Costa, E Crescio, P Crochet, E Cuautle, J Cussonneau, M Dahlinger, A Dainese, H H Dalsgaard, L Daniel, I Das, T Das, A Dash, R Da Silva, M Davenport, H Daues, A De Caro, G de Cataldo, J De Cuveland, A De Falco, M de Gaspari, P de Girolamo, J de Groot, D De Gruttola, A De Haas, N De Marco, S De Pasquale, P De Remigis, D de Vaux, G Decock, H Delagrange, M Del Franco, G Dellacasa, C Dell'Olio, D Dell'Olio, A Deloff, V Demanov, E Dénes, G D'Erasmo, D Derkach, A Devaux, D Di Bari, A Di Bartolomeo, C Di Giglio, S Di Liberto, A Di Mauro, P Di Nezza, M Dialinas, L Diaz, R Díaz Valdes, T Dietel, R Dima, H Ding, C Dinca, R Divià, V Dobretsov, A Dobrin, B Doenigus, T Dobrowolski, I Domínguez, M Dorn, S Drouet, A E Dubey, L Ducroux, F Dumitrache, E Dumonteil, P Dupieux, V Duta, A Dutta Majumdar, M Dutta Majumdar, Th Dyhre, L Efimov, A Efremov, D Elia, D Emschermann, C Engster, A Enokizono, B Espagnon, M Estienne, A Evangelista, D Evans, S Evrard, C W Fabjan, D Fabris, J Faivre, D Falchieri, A Fantoni, R Farano, R Fearick, O Fedorov, V Fekete, D Felea, G Feofilov, A Férnandez Téllez, A Ferretti, F Fichera, S Filchagin, E Filoni, C Finck, R Fini, E M Fiore, D Flierl, M Floris, Z Fodor, Y Foka, S Fokin, P Force, F Formenti, E Fragiacomo, M Fragkiadakis, D Fraissard, A Franco, M Franco, U Frankenfeld, U Fratino, S Fresneau, A Frolov, U Fuchs, J Fujita, C Furget, M Furini, M Fusco Girard, J-J Gaardhøje, A Gabrielli, S Gadrat, M Gagliardi, A Gago, L Gaido, A Gallas Torreira, M Gallio, E Gandolfi, P Ganoti, M Ganti, J Garabatos, A Garcia Lopez, L Garizzo, L Gaudichet, R Gemme, M Germain, A Gheata, M Gheata, B Ghidini, P Ghosh, G Giolu, G Giraudo, P Giubellino, R Glasow, P Glässel, E G Ferreiro, C Gonzalez Gutierrez, L H Gonzales-Trueba, S Gorbunov, Y Gorbunov, H Gos, J Gosset, S Gotovac, H Gottschlag, D Gottschalk, V Grabski, T Grassi, H Gray, O Grebenyuk, K Grebieszkow, C Gregory, C Grigoras, N Grion, V Grigoriev, A Grigoryan, C Grigoryan, S Grigoryan, Y Grishuk, P Gros, J Grosse-Oetringhaus, J-Y Grossiord, R Grosso, B Grynyov, C Guarnaccia, F Guber, F Guerin, R Guernane, M Guerzoni, A Guichard, M Guida, G Guilloux, H Gulkanyan, K Gulbrandsen, T Gunji, A Gupta, V Gupta, H-A Gustafsson, H Gutbrod, C Hadjidakis, M Haiduc, G Hamar, H Hamagaki, J Hamblen, J C Hansen, P Hardy, D Hatzifotiadou, J W Harris, M Hartig, A Harutyunyan, A Hayrapetyan, D Hasch, D Hasegan, J Hehner, N Heine, M Heinz, H Helstrup, A Herghelegiu, S Herlant, G Herrera Corral, N Herrmann, K Hetland, P Hille, H Hinke, B Hippolyte, M Hoch, H Hoebbel, H Hoedlmoser, T Horaguchi, M Horner, P Hristov, I Hřivnáčová, S Hu, C Hu Guo, T Humanic, A Hurtado, D S Hwang, J C Ianigro, M Idzik, S Igolkin, R Ilkaev, I Ilkiv, M Imhoff, P G Innocenti, E Ionescu, M Ippolitov, M Irfan, C Insa, M Inuzuka, C Ivan, A Ivanov, M Ivanov, V Ivanov, P Jacobs, A Jacholkowski, L Jančurová, R Janik, M Jasper, C Jena, L Jirden, D P Johnson, G T Jones, C Jorgensen, F Jouve, P Jovanović, A Junique, A Jusko, H Jung, W Jung, K Kadija, A Kamal, R Kamermans, S Kapusta, A Kaidalov, V Kakoyan, S Kalcher, E Kang, J Kapitan, V Kaplin, K Karadzhev, O Karavichev, T Karavicheva, E Karpechev, K Karpio, A Kazantsev, U Kebschull, R Keidel, M Mohsin Khan, A Khanzadeev, Y Kharlov, D Kikola, B Kileng, D Kim, D S Kim, D W Kim, H N Kim, J S Kim, S Kim, J B Kinson, S K Kiprich, I Kisel, S Kiselev, A Kisiel, T Kiss, V Kiworra, J Klay, C Klein Bösing, M Kliemant, A Klimov, A Klovning, A Kluge, R Kluit, S Kniege, R Kolevatov, T Kollegger, A Kolojvari, V Kondratiev, E Kornas, E Koshurnikov, I Kotov, R Kour, M Kowalski, S Kox, K Kozlov, I Králik, F Kramer, I Kraus, A Kravčáková, T Krawutschke, M Krivda, E Kryshen, Y Kucheriaev, A Kugler, C Kuhn, P Kuijer, L Kumar, N Kumar, P Kumpumaeki, A Kurepin, A N Kurepin, S Kushpil, V Kushpil, M Kutovsky, H Kvaerno, M Kweon, J-C Labbé, F Lackner, P Ladron de Guevara, V Lafage, P La Rocca, M Lamont, C Lara, D T Larsen, G Laurenti, C Lazzeroni, Y Le Bornec, N Le Bris, C Le Gailliard, V Lebedev, J Lecoq, K S Lee, S C Lee, F Lefévre, I Legrand, T Lehmann, L Leistam, P Lenoir, V Lenti, H Leon, I Leon Monzon, P Lévai, Q Li, X Li, F Librizzi, R Lietava, N Lindegaard, V Lindenstruth, C Lippmann, M Lisa, O M Listratenko, F Littel, Y Liu, J Lo, V Lobanov, V Loginov, M López Noriega, R López-Ramírez, E López Torres, P M Lorenzo, G Løvhøiden, S Lu, W Ludolphs, M Lunardon, L Luquin, S Lusso, J-R Lutz, M Luvisetto, V Lyapin, A Maevskaya, C Magureanu, A Mahajan, S Majahan, T Mahmoud, A Mairani, D Mahapatra, A Makarov, I Makhlyueva, M Malek, T Malkiewicz, D Mal'Kevich, P Malzacher, A Mamonov, C Manea, L K Mangotra, D Maniero, V Manko, F Manso, V Manzari, Y Mao, A Marcel, S Marchini, J Mareš, G V Margagliotti, A Margotti, A Marin, J-C Marin, D Marras, P Martinengo, M I Martínez, A Martinez-Davalos, G Martínez Garcia, S Martini, A Marzari Chiesa, C Marzocca, S Masciocchi, M Masera, M Masetti, N I Maslov, A Masoni, F Massera, M Mast, A Mastroserio, Z L Matthews, B Mayer, G Mazza, M D Mazzaro, A Mazzoni, F Meddi, E Meleshko, A Menchaca-Rocha, S Meneghini, M Meoni, J Mercado Perez, P Mereu, O Meunier, Y Miake, A Michalon, R Michinelli, N Miftakhov, M Mignone, K Mikhailov, J Milosevic, Y Minaev, F Minafra, A Mischke, D Miśkowiec, V Mitsyn, C Mitu, B Mohanty, D Moisa, L Molnar, M Mondal, N Mondal, L Montaño Zetina, M Monteno, M Morando, M Morel, S Moretto, Th Morhardt, A Morsch, T Moukhanova, M Mucchi, V Muccifora, E Mudnic, H Müller, W Müller, J Munoz, D Mura, L Musa, J F Muraz, A Musso, R Nania, B Nandi, E Nappi, F Navach, S Navin, T Nayak, S Nazarenko, G Nazarov, L Nellen, F Nendaz, A Nianine, M Nicassio, B S Nielsen, S Nikolaev, V Nikolic, S Nikulin, V Nikulin, B Nilsen, M Nitti, F Noferini, P Nomokonov, G Nooren, F Noto, D Nouais, A Nyiri, J Nystrand, G Odyniec, H Oeschler, M Oinonen, M Oldenburg, I Oleks, E K Olsen, V Onuchin, C Oppedisano, F Orsini, A Ortiz-Velázquez, C Oskamp, A Oskarsson, F Osmic, L Österman, I Otterlund, G Ovrebekk, K Oyama, M Pachr, P Pagano, G Paić, C Pajares, S Pal, S Pal, G Pálla, A Palmeri, G Pancaldi, R Panse, A Pantaleo, G S Pappalardo, B Pastirčák, C Pastore, O Patarakin, V Paticchio, G Patimo, A Pavlinov, T Pawlak, T Peitzmann, Y Pénichot, A Pepato, H Pereira, D Peresunko, C Perez, J Perez Griffo, D Perini, D Perrino, W Peryt, A Pesci, V Peskov, Y Pestov, A J Peters, V Petráček, A Petridis, M Petris, V Petrov, V Petrov, M Petrovici, J Peyré, S Piano, A Piccotti, P Pichot, C Piemonte, M Pikna, R Pilastrini, P Pillot, O Pinazza, B Pini, L Pinsky, V Pinto Morais, V Pismennaya, F Piuz, R Platt, M Ploskon, S Plumeri, J Pluta, T Pocheptsov, P Podesta, F Poggio, M Poghosyan, T Poghosyan, K Polák, B Polichtchouk, P Polozov, V Polyakov, B Pommeresch, F Pompei, A Pop, S Popescu, F Posa, V Pospíšil, B Potukuchi, J Pouthas, S Prasad, R Preghenella, F Prino, L Prodan, G Prono, M A Protsenko, C A Pruneau, A Przybyla, I Pshenichnov, G Puddu, P Pujahari, A Pulvirenti, A Punin, V Punin, J Putschke, J Quartieri, E Quercigh, I Rachevskaya, A Rachevski, A Rademakers, S Radomski, A Radu, J Rak, L Ramello, R Raniwala, S Raniwala, O B Rasmussen, J Rasson, V Razin, K Read, J Real, K Redlich, C Reichling, C Renard, G Renault, R Renfordt, A R Reolon, A Reshetin, J-P Revol, K Reygers, H Ricaud, L Riccati, R A Ricci, M Richter, P Riedler, L M Rigalleau, F Riggi, W Riegler, E Rindel, J Riso, A Rivetti, M Rizzi, V Rizzi, M Rodriguez Cahuantzi, K Røed, D Röhrich, S Román-López, M Romanato, R Romita, F Ronchetti, P Rosinsky, P Rosnet, S Rossegger, A Rossi, V Rostchin, F Rotondo, F Roukoutakis, S Rousseau, C Roy, D Roy, P Roy, L Royer, G Rubin, A Rubio, R Rui, I Rusanov, G Russo, V Ruuskanen, E Ryabinkin, A Rybicki, S Sadovsky, K Šafařík, R Sahoo, J Saini, P Saiz, S Salur, S Sambyal, V Samsonov, L Šándor, A Sandoval, H Sann, J-C Santiard, R Santo, R Santoro, G Sargsyan, P Saturnini, E Scapparone, F Scarlassara, B Schackert, C Schiaua, R Schicker, T Schioler, J D Schippers, C Schmidt, H Schmidt, R Schneider, K Schossmaier, J Schukraft, Y Schutz, K Schwarz, K Schweda, E Schyns, G Scioli, E Scomparin, H Snow, S Sedykh, G Segato, S Sellitto, F Semeria, S Senyukov, H Seppänen, S Serci, L Serkin, S Serra, T Sesselmann, A Sevcenco, I Sgura, G Shabratova, R Shahoyan, E Sharkov, S Sharma, K Shigaki, K Shileev, P Shukla, A Shurygin, M Shurygina, Y Sibiriak, E Siddi, T Siemiarczuk, M H Sigward, A Silenzi, D Silvermyr, R Silvestri, E Simili, V Simion, R Simon, L Simonetti, R Singaraju, V Singhal, B Sinha, T Sinha, M Siska, B Sitár, M Sitta, B Skaali, P Skowronski, M Slodkowski, N Smirnov, L Smykov, R Snellings, W Snoeys, C Soegaard, J Soerensen, O Sokolov, A Soldatov, A Soloviev, H Soltveit, R Soltz, W Sommer, C Soos, F Soramel, S Sorensen, D Soyk, M Spyropoulou-Stassinaki, J Stachel, F Staley, I Stan, A Stavinskiy, J Steckert, G Stefanini, G Stefanek, T Steinbeck, H Stelzer, E Stenlund, D Stocco, M Stockmeier, G Stoicea, P Stolpovsky, P Strmeň, J S Stutzmann, G Su, T Sugitate, M Šumbera, C Suire, T Susa, K Sushil Kumar, D Swoboda, J Symons, I Szarka, A Szostak, M Szuba, P Szymanski, M Tadel, C Tagridis, L Tan, D Tapia Takaki, H Taureg, A Tauro, M Tavlet, G Tejeda Munoz, J Thäder, R Tieulent, P Timmer, T Tolyhy, N Topilskaya, C Torcato de Matos, H Torii, L Toscano, F Tosello, A Tournaire, T Traczyk, G Tröger, W Tromeur, D Truesdale, W Trzaska, G Tsiledakis, E Tsilis, A Tsvetkov, M Turcato, R Turrisi, M Tuveri, T Tveter, H Tydesjo, L Tykarski, K Tywoniuk, E Ugolini, K Ullaland, J Urbán, G M Urciuoli, G L Usai, M Usseglio, A Vacchi, M Vala, F Valiev, P Vande Vyvre, A Van Den Brink, N Van Eijndhoven, N Van Der Kolk, M van Leeuwen, L Vannucci, S Vanzetto, J-P Vanuxem, M A Vargas, R Varma, A Vascotto, A Vasiliev, M Vassiliou, P Vasta, V Vechernin, M Venaruzzo, E Vercellin, S Vergara, W Verhoeven, F Veronese, I Vetlitskiy, R Vernet, V Victorov, L Vidak, G Viesti, O Vikhlyantsev, Z Vilakazi, O Villalobos Baillie, A Vinogradov, L Vinogradov, Y Vinogradov, T Virgili, Y Viyogi, A Vodopianov, G Volpe, D Vranic, J Vrláková, B Vulpescu, C Wabnitz, V Wagner, L Wallet, R Wan, Y Wang, Y Wang, R Wheadon, R Weis, Q Wen, J Wessels, J Westergaard, J Wiechula, A Wiesenaecker, J Wikne, A Wilk, G Wilk, C Williams, N Willis, B Windelband, R Witt, H Woehri, K Wyllie, C Xu, C Yang, H Yang, F Yermia, Z Yin, Z Yin, B Yun Ky, I Yushmanov, B Yuting, E Zabrodin, S Zagato, B Zagreev, P Zaharia, A Zalite, G Zampa, C Zampolli, Y Zanevskiy, A Zarochentsev, O Zaudtke, P Závada, H Zbroszczyk, A Zepeda, V Zeter, I Zgura, M Zhalov, D Zhou, S Zhou, G Zhu, A Zichichi, A Zinchenko, G Zinovjev, Y Zoccarato, A Zubarev, A Zucchini and M Zuffa
Published 14 August 2008 •
Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd
Journal of Instrumentation,
Volume 3,
August 2008Citation The ALICE Collaboration et al 2008 JINST3 S08002DOI 10.1088/1748-0221/3/08/S08002
ALICE (A Large Ion Collider Experiment) is a general-purpose, heavy-ion
detector at the CERN LHC which focuses on QCD, the strong-interaction
sector of the Standard Model. It is designed to address the physics of
strongly interacting matter and the quark-gluon plasma at extreme values
of energy density and temperature in nucleus-nucleus collisions. Besides
running with Pb ions, the physics programme includes collisions with
lighter ions, lower energy running and dedicated proton-nucleus runs.
ALICE will also take data with proton beams at the top LHC energy to
collect reference data for the heavy-ion programme and to address several
QCD topics for which ALICE is complementary to the other LHC detectors.
The ALICE detector has been built by a collaboration including currently
over 1000 physicists and engineers from 105 Institutes in 30 countries.
Its overall dimensions are 16 × 16 × 26 m3 with a total weight
of approximately
10 000 t. The experiment consists of 18 different detector systems each
with its own specific technology choice and design constraints, driven
both by the physics requirements and the experimental conditions expected
at LHC. The most stringent design constraint is to cope with the extreme
particle multiplicity anticipated in central Pb-Pb collisions. The
different subsystems were optimized to provide high-momentum
resolution as well as excellent Particle Identification (PID) over a broad
range in momentum, up to the highest multiplicities predicted for LHC.
This will allow for comprehensive studies of hadrons, electrons, muons,
and photons produced in the collision of heavy nuclei.
Most detector systems are scheduled to be installed and ready for data
taking by mid-2008 when the LHC is scheduled to start operation,
with the exception of
parts of the Photon Spectrometer (PHOS), Transition Radiation Detector
(TRD) and Electro Magnetic Calorimeter (EMCal). These detectors will be
completed for the high-luminosity ion run expected in 2010.
This paper describes in detail the detector components as
installed for the first data taking in the summer of 2008.
