TRAPPED PROTON FLUXES AT LOW EARTH ORBITS MEASURED BY THE PAMELA EXPERIMENT

O. Adriani; G. C. Barbarino; G. A. Bazilevskaya; R. Bellotti; M. Boezio; E. A. Bogomolov; M. Bongi; V. Bonvicini; S. Bottai; A. Bruno; F. Cafagna; D. Campana; R. Carbone; P. Carlson; M. Casolino; G. Castellini; C. De Donato; C. De Santis; N. De Simone; V. Di Felice; V. Formato; A. M. Galper; A. V. Karelin; S. V. Koldashov; S. Koldobskiy; S. Y. Krutkov; A. N. Kvashnin; A. Leonov; V. Malakhov; L. Marcelli; M. Martucci; A. G. Mayorov; W. Menn; M. Mergé; V. V. Mikhailov; E. Mocchiutti; A. Monaco; N. Mori; R. Munini; G. Osteria; F. Palma; B. Panico; P. Papini; M. Pearce; P. Picozza; M. Ricci; S. B. Ricciarini; R. Sarkar; V. Scotti; M. Simon; R. Sparvoli; P. Spillantini; Y. I. Stozhkov; A. Vacchi; E. Vannuccini; G. I. Vasilyev; S. A. Voronov; Y. T. Yurkin; G. Zampa; N. Zampa; V. G. Zverev

doi:10.1088/2041-8205/799/1/L4

TRAPPED PROTON FLUXES AT LOW EARTH ORBITS MEASURED BY THE PAMELA EXPERIMENT

O. Adriani^1,2, G. C. Barbarino^3,4, G. A. Bazilevskaya⁵, R. Bellotti^6,7, M. Boezio⁸, E. A. Bogomolov⁹, M. Bongi^1,2, V. Bonvicini⁸, S. Bottai², A. Bruno⁶, F. Cafagna⁷, D. Campana⁴, R. Carbone⁸, P. Carlson¹⁰, M. Casolino^11,12, G. Castellini¹³, C. De Donato^11,14, C. De Santis^11,14, N. De Simone¹¹, V. Di Felice^11,15, V. Formato^8,16, A. M. Galper¹⁷, A. V. Karelin¹⁷, S. V. Koldashov¹⁷, S. Koldobskiy¹⁷, S. Y. Krutkov⁹, A. N. Kvashnin⁵, A. Leonov¹⁷, V. Malakhov¹⁷, L. Marcelli^11,14, M. Martucci^14,19, A. G. Mayorov¹⁷, W. Menn¹⁸, M. Mergé^11,14, V. V. Mikhailov¹⁷, E. Mocchiutti⁸, A. Monaco^6,7, N. Mori^1,2, R. Munini^8,16, G. Osteria⁴, F. Palma^11,14, B. Panico⁴, P. Papini², M. Pearce¹⁰, P. Picozza^11,14, M. Ricci¹⁹, S. B. Ricciarini^2,13, R. Sarkar^8,20, V. Scotti^3,4, M. Simon¹⁸, R. Sparvoli^11,14, P. Spillantini^1,2, Y. I. Stozhkov⁵, A. Vacchi⁸, E. Vannuccini², G. I. Vasilyev⁹, S. A. Voronov¹⁷, Y. T. Yurkin¹⁷, G. Zampa⁸, N. Zampa⁸, and V. G. Zverev¹⁷

Published 2015 January 14 • © 2015. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.
The Astrophysical Journal Letters, Volume 799, Number 1 Citation O. Adriani et al 2015 ApJL 799 L4 DOI 10.1088/2041-8205/799/1/L4

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¹ Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Florence, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy

² INFN, Sezione di Florence, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy

³ Department of Physics, University of Naples "Federico II," I-80126 Naples, Italy

⁴ INFN, Sezione di Naples, I-80126 Naples, Italy

⁵ Lebedev Physical Institute, RU-119991 Moscow, Russia

⁶ Department of Physics, University of Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy

⁷ INFN, Sezione di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy

⁸ INFN, Sezione di Trieste, I-34149 Trieste, Italy

⁹ Ioffe Physical Technical Institute, RU-194021 St. Petersburg, Russia

¹⁰ KTH, Department of Physics, and the Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmoparticle Physics, AlbaNova University Centre, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden

¹¹ INFN, Sezione di Rome "Tor Vergata," I-00133 Rome, Italy

¹² RIKEN, Advanced Science Institute, Wako-shi, Saitama, Japan

¹³ IFAC, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy

¹⁴ Department of Physics, University of Rome "Tor Vergata," I-00133 Rome, Italy

¹⁵ Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI) Science Data Center, Via del Politecnico snc, I-00133 Rome, Italy

¹⁶ Department of Physics, University of Trieste, I-34147 Trieste, Italy

¹⁷ National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, RU-115409 Moscow, Russia

¹⁸ Department of Physics, Universitt Siegen, D-57068 Siegen, Germany

¹⁹ INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Via Enrico Fermi 40, I-00044 Frascati, Italy

²⁰ Indian Centre for Space Physics, 43 Chalantika, Garia Station Road, Kolkata 700084, West Bengal, India

Dates

Received 2014 November 12
Accepted 2014 December 3
Published 2015 January 14

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Abstract

We report an accurate measurement of the geomagnetically trapped proton fluxes for kinetic energy above ∼70 MeV performed by the PAMELA mission at low Earth orbits (350 ÷ 610 km). Data were analyzed in the frame of the adiabatic theory of charged particle motion in the geomagnetic field. Flux properties were investigated in detail, providing a full characterization of the particle radiation in the South Atlantic Anomaly region, including locations, energy spectra, and pitch angle distributions. PAMELA results significantly improve the description of the Earth's radiation environment at low altitudes, placing important constraints on the trapping and interaction processes, and can be used to validate current trapped particle radiation models.

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TRAPPED PROTON FLUXES AT LOW EARTH ORBITS MEASURED BY THE PAMELA EXPERIMENT

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