In this study UiO-66 and UiO-66-NH2 were synthesized by solvothermal method. The effect of preparation conditions on the quality of UiO-66-NH2 was studied. The obtained material has been characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared spectroscopy (IR), thermogravimatric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and nitrogen physisorption measurements (BET). The CO2 and CH4 physisorption measurements were carried out using a high pressure volumetric analyzer (Micromeritics HPVA—100). The results showed that the UiO-66-NH2 of ball shape crystalline had been obtained and characterized by high surface area (BET) up to 876 m2 g−1, specific volume 0.379 cm3 g−1, pore radius 9.5 Å and thermal stability up to 673 K, respectively. The experiments indicated that in comparison with UiO-66 the addition of NH2 is able to increase the CO2 and CH4 storage capacity at 1 bar and 303 K twice from 28.43 cm3 g−1 up to 52 cm3 g−1 and from 6.68 cm3 g−1 to 11.1 cm3 g−1, respectively.
ISSN: 2043-6262
Advances in Natural Sciences: Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ANSN) is an international, peer-reviewed, journal publishing articles on all aspects of nanoscience and nanotechnology. It is a publication of the Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST). No publication charges are required to publish in ANSN.
Cam Loc Luu et al 2015 Adv. Nat. Sci: Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 6 025004
Atasheh Soleimani-Gorgani 2018 Adv. Nat. Sci: Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 9 025009
The different water soluble ink-jet inks based on conjugated poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) were formulated with various organic co-solvents such as diethylene glycol (DEG), triethylene glycol (TRIEG), tetraethylene glycol (Tetra EG), and polyethylene glycol (PEG) to print on the flexible substrate. The effect of adding various organic co-solvents, which show a same trend of molecular weight, dipole moment and boiling point on the formulated inks properties and ink-jet printed films electrical conductivity, morphology and transparency were investigated. The conductivities of the ink-jet printed films were evaluated by four-point probe conductivity measurement. The morphologies of the printed films have been studied using atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The size of PEDOT:PSS particles and the printed film morphology altered by addition of different types of co-solvent in the ink-jet ink formulation. The electrical conductivity of the ink-jet printed film increased by raising the molecular weight, boiling point and dipole moment of used co-solvent in ink-jet ink formulation.
Malapaka Chandrasekharam et al 2011 Adv. Nat. Sci: Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 2 035016
A new high molar extinction coefficient ruthenium(II) bipyridyl complex 'cis-Ru(L1)(2,2'-bipyridine-4,4'-dicarboxylic acid) (NCS)2, BDF', where L1=4,4-bis(9,9-dibutyl-9H-fluorene-2-yl)-[2,2] bipyridine, has been synthesized and characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) and electrospray ionization mass (ESI–MASS) spectroscopes. The dye, upon anchoring onto mesoporous nano-crystalline TiO2 solar cells, exhibited a broader photocurrent action spectrum, with a solar-to-electric energy conversion efficiency (η) of 6.58% (JSC=14.66 mA cm−2, VOC=640 mV, fill factor=0.71) under sunlight at air mass (AM) 1.5, larger than the reference Z907 sensitized solar cell fabricated under similar conditions, which exhibited an η-value of 4.65% (JSC=11.52 mA cm−2, VOC=566 mV, fill factor=0.72). Absorption measurements and time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) calculations show that the increased conjugation length by introducing 9,9-dibutyl-9H-fluorene moiety relatively enhances the spectral response of the ancillary ligand and the corresponding BDF complex. The calculated dipole moments for BDF and Z907 are 17.71 and 16.34 Debye, respectively. The first three highest occupied molecular orbitals (HOMOs) of BDF have a t2g character, as observed in Z907, while HOMO-4 and HOMO-5 have considerable sizable mixing from Ru-NCS with π-orbitals of L1.
Thi My Dung Dang et al 2011 Adv. Nat. Sci: Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 2 015009
Copper nanoparticles, due to their interesting properties, low cost preparation and many potential applications in catalysis, cooling fluid or conductive inks, have attracted a lot of interest in recent years. In this study, copper nanoparticles were synthesized through the chemical reduction of copper sulfate with sodium borohydride in water without inert gas protection. In our synthesis route, ascorbic acid (natural vitamin C) was employed as a protective agent to prevent the nascent Cu nanoparticles from oxidation during the synthesis process and in storage. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) was added and worked both as a size controller and as a capping agent. Cu nanoparticles were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy to investigate the coordination between Cu nanoparticles and PEG. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and UV–vis spectrometry contributed to the analysis of size and optical properties of the nanoparticles, respectively. The average crystal sizes of the particles at room temperature were less than 10 nm. It was observed that the surface plasmon resonance phenomenon can be controlled during synthesis by varying the reaction time, pH, and relative ratio of copper sulfate to the surfactant. The surface plasmon resonance peak shifts from 561 to 572 nm, while the apparent color changes from red to black, which is partly related to the change in particle size. Upon oxidation, the color of the solution changes from red to violet and ultimately a blue solution appears.
Jerushka S Moodley et al 2018 Adv. Nat. Sci: Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 9 015011
In this study we report on the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from the leaf extracts of Moringa oleifera using sunlight irradiation as primary source of energy, and its antimicrobial potential. Silver nanoparticle formation was confirmed by surface plasmon resonance at 450 nm and 440 nm, respectively for both fresh and freeze-dried leaf samples. Crystanality of AgNPs was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analysis. FTIR spectroscopic analysis suggested that flavones, terpenoids and polysaccharides predominate and are primarily responsible for the reduction and subsequent capping of AgNPs. X-ray diffraction analysis also demonstrated that the size range of AgNPs from both samples exhibited average diameters of 9 and 11 nm, respectively. Silver nanoparticles showed antimicrobial activity on both bacterial and fungal strains. The biosynthesised nanoparticle preparations from M. oleifera leaf extracts exhibit potential for application as broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents.
Anh-Tuan Le et al 2012 Adv. Nat. Sci: Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 3 045007
In this work we have demonstrated a powerful disinfectant ability of colloidal silver nanoparticles (NPs) for the prevention of gastrointestinal bacterial infections. The silver NPs colloid was synthesized by a UV-enhanced chemical precipitation. Two gastrointestinal bacterial strains of Escherichia coli (ATCC 43888-O157:k-:H7) and Vibrio cholerae (O1) were used to verify the antibacterial activity of the as-prepared silver NPs colloid by means of surface disinfection assay in agar plates and turbidity assay in liquid media. Transmission electron microscopy was also employed to analyze the ultrastructural changes of bacterial cells caused by silver NPs. Noticeably, our silver NPs colloid displayed a highly effective bactericidal effect against two tested gastrointestinal bacterial strains at a silver concentration as low as ∼3 mg l−1. More importantly, the silver NPs colloid showed an enhancement of antibacterial activity and long-lasting disinfectant effect as compared to conventional chloramin B (5%) disinfection agent. These advantages of the as-prepared colloidal silver NPs make them very promising for environmental treatments contaminated with gastrointestinal bacteria and other infectious pathogens. Moreover, the powerful disinfectant activity of silver-containing materials can also help in controlling and preventing further outbreak of diseases.
Van Duc Hoang et al 2010 Adv. Nat. Sci: Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 1 035011
Mesoporous thiol-functionalized SBA-15 has been directly synthesized by co-condensation of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) and 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane (MPTMS) with triblock copolymer P123 as-structure-directing agent under hydrothermal conditions. Surfactant removal was performed by Soxhlet ethanol extraction. These materials have been characterized by powder x-ray diffraction (XRD), nitrogen adsorption/desorption (BET model), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermal analysis, infrared spectroscopy (IR) and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The main parameters, such as the initial molar ratio of MPTMS to TEOS, the time of adding MPTMS to synthesized gel and the Soxhlet ethanol extraction on the thiol functionalized SBA-15 with high thiol content and highly ordered hexagonal mesostructure, were investigated and evaluated. The adsorption capacity of the thiol-functionalized and non-functionalized SBA-15 materials for Pb2+ ion from aqueous solution was tested. It was found that the Pb2+ adsorption capacity of the thiol functionalized SBA-15 is three times higher than that of non-functionalized SBA-15.
Bich Ha Nguyen and Van Hieu Nguyen 2016 Adv. Nat. Sci: Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 7 023002
The present article is a review of research works on promising applications of graphene and graphene-based nanostructures. It contains five main scientific subjects. The first one is the research on graphene-based transparent and flexible conductive films for displays and electrodes: efficient method ensuring uniform and controllable deposition of reduced graphene oxide thin films over large areas, large-scale pattern growth of graphene films for stretchble transparent electrodes, utilization of graphene-based transparent conducting films and graphene oxide-based ones in many photonic and optoelectronic devices and equipments such as the window electrodes of inorganic, organic and dye-sensitized solar cells, organic light-emitting diodes, light-emitting electrochemical cells, touch screens, flexible smart windows, graphene-based saturated absorbers in laser cavities for ultrafast generations, graphene-based flexible, transparent heaters in automobile defogging/deicing systems, heatable smart windows, graphene electrodes for high-performance organic field-effect transistors, flexible and transparent acoustic actuators and nanogenerators etc. The second scientific subject is the research on conductive inks for printed electronics to revolutionize the electronic industry by producing cost-effective electronic circuits and sensors in very large quantities: preparing high mobility printable semiconductors, low sintering temperature conducting inks, graphene-based ink by liquid phase exfoliation of graphite in organic solutions, and developing inkjet printing technique for mass production of high-quality graphene patterns with high resolution and for fabricating a variety of good-performance electronic devices, including transparent conductors, embedded resistors, thin-film transistors and micro supercapacitors. The third scientific subject is the research on graphene-based separation membranes: molecular dynamics simulation study on the mechanisms of the transport of molecules, vapors and gases through nanopores in graphene membranes, experimental works investigating selective transport of different molecules through nanopores in single-layer graphene and graphene-based membranes toward the water desalination, chemical mixture separation and gas control. Various applications of graphene in bio-medicine are the contents of the fourth scientific subject of the review. They include the DNA translocations through nanopores in graphene membranes toward the fabrication of devices for genomic screening, in particular DNA sequencing; subnanometre trans-electrode membranes with potential applications to the fabrication of very high resolution, high throughput nanopore-based single-molecule detectors; antibacterial activity of graphene, graphite oxide, graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide; nanopore sensors for nucleic acid analysis; utilization of graphene multilayers as the gates for sequential release of proteins from surface; utilization of graphene-based electroresponsive scaffolds as implants for on-demand drug delivery etc. The fifth scientific subject of the review is the research on the utilization of graphene in energy storage devices: ternary self-assembly of ordered metal oxide-graphene nanocomposites for electrochemical energy storage; self-assembled graphene/carbon nanotube hybrid films for supercapacitors; carbon-based supercapacitors fabricated by activation of graphene; functionalized graphene sheet-sulfure nanocomposite for using as cathode material in rechargeable lithium batteries; tunable three-dimensional pillared carbon nanotube-graphene networks for high-performance capacitance; fabrications of electrochemical micro-capacitors using thin films of carbon nanotubes and chemically reduced graphenes; laser scribing of high-performance and flexible graphene-based electrochemical capacitors; emergence of next-generation safe batteries featuring graphene-supported Li metal anode with exceptionally high energy or power densities; fabrication of anodes for lithium ion batteries from crumpled graphene-encapsulated Si nanoparticles; liquid-mediated dense integration of graphene materials for compact capacitive energy storage; scalable fabrication of high-power graphene micro-supercapacitors for flexible and on-chip energy storage; superior micro-supercapacitors based on graphene quantum dots; all-graphene core-sheat microfibres for all-solid-state, stretchable fibriform supercapacitors and wearable electronic textiles; micro-supercapacitors with high electrochemical performance based on three-dimensional graphene-carbon nanotube carpets; macroscopic nitrogen-doped graphene hydrogels for ultrafast capacitors; manufacture of scalable ultra-thin and high power density graphene electrochemical capacitor electrodes by aqueous exfoliation and spray deposition; scalable synthesis of hierarchically structured carbon nanotube-graphene fibers for capacitive energy storage; phosphorene-graphene hybrid material as a high-capacity anode material for sodium-ion batteries. Beside above-presented promising applications of graphene and graphene-based nanostructures, other less widespread, but perhaps not less important, applications of graphene and graphene-based nanomaterials, are also briefly discussed.
Quang Huy Tran et al 2013 Adv. Nat. Sci: Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 4 033001
In recent years the outbreak of re-emerging and emerging infectious diseases has been a significant burden on global economies and public health. The growth of population and urbanization along with poor water supply and environmental hygiene are the main reasons for the increase in outbreak of infectious pathogens. Transmission of infectious pathogens to the community has caused outbreaks of diseases such as influenza (A/H5N1), diarrhea (Escherichia coli), cholera (Vibrio cholera), etc throughout the world. The comprehensive treatments of environments containing infectious pathogens using advanced disinfectant nanomaterials have been proposed for prevention of the outbreaks. Among these nanomaterials, silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) with unique properties of high antimicrobial activity have attracted much interest from scientists and technologists to develop nanosilver-based disinfectant products. This article aims to review the synthesis routes and antimicrobial effects of Ag-NPs against various pathogens including bacteria, fungi and virus. Toxicology considerations of Ag-NPs to humans and ecology are discussed in detail. Some current applications of Ag-NPs in water-, air- and surface- disinfection are described. Finally, future prospects of Ag-NPs for treatment and prevention of currently emerging infections are discussed.
H Moriceau et al 2010 Adv. Nat. Sci: Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 1 043004
Direct wafer bonding processes are being increasingly used to achieve innovative stacking structures. Many of them have already been implemented in industrial applications. This article looks at direct bonding mechanisms, processes developed recently and trends. Homogeneous and heterogeneous bonded structures have been successfully achieved with various materials. Active, insulating or conductive materials have been widely investigated. This article gives an overview of Si and SiO2 direct wafer bonding processes and mechanisms, silicon-on-insulator type bonding, diverse material stacking and the transfer of devices. Direct bonding clearly enables the emergence and development of new applications, such as for microelectronics, microtechnologies, sensors, MEMs, optical devices, biotechnologies and 3D integration.
Sajitha Sasidharan and Vibin Ramakrishnan 2025 Adv. Nat. Sci: Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 16 015017
We report the synthesis and crystallization of a newly synthesized triphenylmethyl derivative (4-(tritylthio)butylthio)triphenylmethane and its nano-level assembly, forming a rare organic nano-flower. We implemented a combination of S-XRD, Electron Microscopy, NMR and Raman spectroscopy to characterize the self-assembled structures. Fewer studies have been reported on the design and synthesis of triphenyl methyl (trityl) based nanostructures despite their wide range of possible applications in different fields. Its acid-labile nature is desirable for synthesizing and fabricating nano-level assemblies based on trityl systems. The present work demonstrates the formation of nanocrystalline materials formed using small organic molecules through aromatic π-π interactions, that can act as the principal directive governing molecular recognition and assembly. Also, it provides potential insights that can direct future design of new trityl-based materials.
Bharath V and K R V Subramanian 2025 Adv. Nat. Sci: Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 16 013002
Emerging research in conductive and composite polymer nanoinks (CCPNIs) demonstrate remarkable advantages in electrical, thermal, and mechanical properties which are highly desired for printable applications. The development of suitable scalable production techniques can address the demand for wearable, printable, and flexible nanoink-based electronic applications. In this review we present a comparative analysis for contact based techniques such as screen printing (SP), nano imprint lithography (NIL) and non-contact printing techniques such as inkjet printing (IJP), aerosol jet printing (AIP) and 3D printing with a focus on CCPNIs. We discuss the application of these techniques across various electronic domains such as wearable electronics, flexible sensors and robotics which rely on scalable printing technologies. Among the techniques reviewed, SP stands out as particularly suitable and sustainable, primarily due to its scalability and efficiency. It is capable of producing between 1,000 and 5,000 parts per hour, while maintaining a practical resolution range of 1000 μm (±5–10%). SP is suitable for applications in printed electronics, where cost-effectiveness, simplicity, and scalability are of focus. In contrast, for complex and multidimensional printing, 3D printing shows promise with an excellent resolution which are crucial for industrial-scaled production.
Thu Thao Pham et al 2025 Adv. Nat. Sci: Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 16 015016
Klebsiella pneumoniae is one of the most common pathogenic, multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria that triggers postoperative infections, leading to septic shock and fatality. Therefore, there is an urgent need to generate rapid and sensitive diagnosis techniques for timely and effective intervention. The present work described the fabrication of lateral flow immunoassays (LFIA) based on antibody-gold nanoparticle covalent conjugation combined with an RGB system to detect Klebsiella pneumoniae quantitatively. The LFIAs showed the lines after 15 min with good sensitivity and a low limit of detection of 2.40 CFUs ml−1 in the linear detection range of this immunosensor from 101 to 108 CFUs ml−1 when combined with the color saturation system. No false positives and cross-reactions were observed on the test strips in this study, indicating that the system was optimized with high specificity. This finding might provide a well-suited solution for a quick, inexpensive, and easy-to-use detection method for potential commercial manufacture.
Khanh Han Tran et al 2025 Adv. Nat. Sci: Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 16 015015
Ag@AgCl nanocomposites were synthesized via green and facile method using silver nitrate (AgNO3) and Ixora Coccinea leaf extract as precursors without using any other agent or chemical. The phytochemicals present in the Ixora Coccinea leaf extract were used as a reducing agent and the Cl− ion source. The effect of the AgNO3 concentration on nanocomposites' crystallinity, average grain size, and the ratio between Ag and AgCl in nanocomposites was evaluated through UV–Vis spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy. The results imply that with an AgNO3 concentration of 0.04 M, Ag@AgCl nanocomposite shows the highest crystallinity and most balance ratio between Ag and AgCl. The photocatalytic activity of Ag@AgCl nanocomposite prepared with 0.04-M AgNO3 solution was investigated against organic dyes (Rhodamine B, Methylene Blue, Congo Red) and textile dyeing wastewater. The photocatalytic results show that, with 20 mg of Ag@AgCl nanocomposite, the Rhodamine B degradation efficiency reaches the highest value of 99.62% after about one hour under visible light irradiation. The Rhodamine B photo-degradation kinetic of Ag@AgCl nanocomposite is well described by the pseudo-first-order kinetic model. Ag@AgCl nanocomposite also shows high photodegradation efficiency with Methylene Blue, Congo Red dyes, and textile dyeing wastewater. These results imply that green-synthesized Ag@AgCl using Ixora Coccinea leaf extract is a promising candidate for photocatalytic applications.
Furat A Al-Saymari et al 2025 Adv. Nat. Sci: Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 16 015014
A Schiff-base material was synthesized and characterized by the 1H- and 13C-NMR, FTIR, Mass, and UV-visible spectroscopy. A thin layer of pure P3HT:PCBM and P3HT:PCBM:Schiffbase with two concentrations 2 mM and 4 mM are prepared using spin coating method. At room temperature, doping of P3HT:PCBM active-layer by Schiff-base material at concentration of 4 mM led to enhance the electrical current and conductivity by a factor of 24x under dark conditions and by a factor of 27x under white-light illumination (Io = 50 mW cm−2). The electrical current, conductivity, and resistivity are measured as a function of time under illumination for three different wavelengths, white, green, and red, proving that the photo-sensors based on P3HT:PCBM:schiffbase thin films exhibit a good reproducibility, fast-response time, and high optical-sensitivity. It was also found that the photo-electrical characterization of the photo-sensors are wavelength dependent, where, under red-light, the samples exhibit the lowest optical-response while the highest value was obtained under white-light. The study revealed that the photo-responsivity and quantum efficiency of the P3HT:PCBM:Schiffbase(4 mM) based photo-sensors exposed by white light are higher than those the corresponding values of the photo-sensors based on P3HT:PCBM by a factor of ∼31x. Moreover, the performance of the photo-sensors were improved due to depositing an ultra-thin film of carbon on top of the active-layer, exhibiting a significant enhancement in the electrical and photo-electrical properties. The photo-sensors based on P3HT:PCBM:Schiffbase/carbon-nano-sheet show a superior quantum efficiency (∼6%) with photo-responsivity of ∼24 mA W−1, confirming that the doped P3HT:PCBM active-layer are very interesting for organic optical sensors and photovoltaic devices.
Bharath V and K R V Subramanian 2025 Adv. Nat. Sci: Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 16 013002
Emerging research in conductive and composite polymer nanoinks (CCPNIs) demonstrate remarkable advantages in electrical, thermal, and mechanical properties which are highly desired for printable applications. The development of suitable scalable production techniques can address the demand for wearable, printable, and flexible nanoink-based electronic applications. In this review we present a comparative analysis for contact based techniques such as screen printing (SP), nano imprint lithography (NIL) and non-contact printing techniques such as inkjet printing (IJP), aerosol jet printing (AIP) and 3D printing with a focus on CCPNIs. We discuss the application of these techniques across various electronic domains such as wearable electronics, flexible sensors and robotics which rely on scalable printing technologies. Among the techniques reviewed, SP stands out as particularly suitable and sustainable, primarily due to its scalability and efficiency. It is capable of producing between 1,000 and 5,000 parts per hour, while maintaining a practical resolution range of 1000 μm (±5–10%). SP is suitable for applications in printed electronics, where cost-effectiveness, simplicity, and scalability are of focus. In contrast, for complex and multidimensional printing, 3D printing shows promise with an excellent resolution which are crucial for industrial-scaled production.
Dharanidharan Dhanabalan and Narkunaraja Shanmugam 2025 Adv. Nat. Sci: Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 16 013001
Cancer remains a formidable global health challenge, with millions of lives lost annually and a projected increase in cases, particularly in regions like South Central Asia, Europe, Eastern Europe, etc, Traditional cancer treatments, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery, face limitations in effectively managing the complex tumor microenvironment and addressing the diverse characteristics of cancer cells. Nano-oncology has emerged as a promising frontier in cancer therapy, utilizing nanoscale materials to deliver therapeutic agents with precision and efficacy. The benefits of nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems are the ability to target tumor cells while minimizing adverse effects and overcoming multidrug resistance. Advancements in hybrid nanoparticle development have further enhanced the stability and performance of drug delivery systems, offering new avenues for cancer treatment. Moreover, nanoparticle-based therapies hold the potential to modulate the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and improve outcomes in immunotherapy. The review provides a comprehensive overview of nanotherapeutic products currently in various preclinical and clinical study stages, focusing on their success rates in lung and breast cancers compared to conventional chemotherapeutic drugs. By elucidating the landscape of nano-oncology and evaluating its efficacy in specific cancer types, this review aims to shed light on the transformative potential of nanoparticle-based approaches in cancer treatment and diagnosis. They are exploring nano-oncology promises to pave the way for innovative strategies in combating cancer and improving patient outcomes globally.
Nguyen Thu Loan et al 2024 Adv. Nat. Sci: Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 15 043002
Highly luminescent nanocrystals (NCs), including semiconductor quantum dots (QDs), have been synthesized as light emitters for various applications during the last three decades. Recently, light-emitting diodes based on NCs or QDs (hereafter commonly called QLEDs) have been fabricated, achieving an external quantum efficiency of more than 20%, closely approaching practical requirements. In the QLED structure, the outermost shell of the luminescent NCs or QDs plays a crucial role, as it needs to simultaneously meet the following requirements: (i) to act as an effective shell to passivate imperfections or traps on the NC surface, while confining injected charge carriers within the emitting QDs/NCs; and (ii) to possess compatibility with both the electron transport layer (ETL) and the hole transport layer (HTL) for efficient injection of electrons and holes into the core NCs/QDs. Additionally, the outermost shell of the NCs/QDs should be environmentally friendly. Practically, the outermost ZnS shell appears to satisfy all the above requirements for various types of emitting NCs/QDs, including II-VI (CdSe, CdTe, ZnSe), III-V (InP, GaP), I-III-VI (CuInS2, AgInS2, AgInSe2), and metal halide perovskites. This has naturally led to numerous studies conducted on different NCs and QDs with the same outermost ZnS shell. Using a ZnS shell is also advantageous for designing uniform QLED structures with different NCs or QDs to emit a variety of wavelengths. In this article, we review the recent development of QLEDs using various NCs or QDs as light emitters, where the spectral emission range can be controlled by simply adjusting the size or composition of the core NCs/QDs. We also discuss why ZnS is suitable for shelling various types of NCs/QDs and how it aligns appropriately with the ETLs and HTLs being studied for facilitating the injection of charge carriers in QLEDs.
Priyanku Pradip Das et al 2024 Adv. Nat. Sci: Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 15 043001
The global outbreak of infectious diseases in recent decades has caused serious health problems worldwide. Key factors that contribute to the lack of a complete therapeutic strategy against viral infections include biomimetic architecture, ability to manipulate the antibody, continuous antigen transfer, covert system of injecting inappropriate doses of drugs at target sites, resulting in drug resistance. Reasons include low water solubility, poor permeability, plasma protein a high self-similarity, short gene half-life, and rapid system elimination. To combat these challenges, nanoparticle-based drug delivery has emerged as a revolutionary approach, applying nanoengineering tools to nanoparticle synthesis to achieve optimal drug concentrations at targeted sites over time nanoparticles with nano dimensional structure enhanced permeability and retention effects, increasing surface area volume ratios, in surface-functioning capacity, prove effective in antiviral therapeutic delivery but size, shape, charge, and surface topology of nanoparticles allow target specific drug delivery, cellular uptake, opsonization by host immune cells, drug retention time, transcytosis, extended biological half -life, in vivo stability, and significantly affect cytotoxicity. This review provides an in-depth analysis of the critical role of nanotechnology-based drugs while addressing important aspects of clinical safety and efficacy.
Abhishek Pathak et al 2024 Adv. Nat. Sci: Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 15 033001
The global challenge of achieving sustainable agricultural productivity and ensuring food security is exacerbated by the threat of phytopathogens and pests, which cause substantial damage and result in annual production losses of approximately 20%–40%, amounting to around 40 billion US dollars worldwide. Current reliance on conventional pesticides for crop disease management not only poses risks to human, animal, and environmental health but also contributes to the development of resistant pathogens. In response to this pressing issue, innovative technologies utilizing nanomaterials offer a promising alternative. These nanomaterials including lipid based nanoparticles (LNPs) can encapsulate and deliver pesticidal active ingredients in a controlled and targeted manner, presenting opportunities to enhance efficacy and efficiency while minimizing environmental impact. This approach represents a crucial step towards sustainable agriculture, preserving agro-ecosystem resilience and ensuring global food security. This review aims to provide an overview of the current state of knowledge regarding the use of LNPs in agriculture, with a focus on their applications for crop disease management.