The Einstein Telescope: a third-generation gravitational wave observatory

M Punturo; M Abernathy; F Acernese; B Allen; N Andersson; K Arun; F Barone; B Barr; M Barsuglia; M Beker; N Beveridge; S Birindelli; S Bose; L Bosi; S Braccini; C Bradaschia; T Bulik; E Calloni; G Cella; E Chassande Mottin; S Chelkowski; A Chincarini; J Clark; E Coccia; C Colacino; J Colas; A Cumming; L Cunningham; E Cuoco; S Danilishin; K Danzmann; G De Luca; R De Salvo; T Dent; R De Rosa; L Di Fiore; A Di Virgilio; M Doets; V Fafone; P Falferi; R Flaminio; J Franc; F Frasconi; A Freise; P Fulda; J Gair; G Gemme; A Gennai; A Giazotto; K Glampedakis; M Granata; H Grote; G Guidi; G Hammond; M Hannam; J Harms; D Heinert; M Hendry; I Heng; E Hennes; S Hild; J Hough; S Husa; S Huttner; G Jones; F Khalili; K Kokeyama; K Kokkotas; B Krishnan; M Lorenzini; H Lück; E Majorana; I Mandel; V Mandic; I Martin; C Michel; Y Minenkov; N Morgado; S Mosca; B Mours; H Müller–Ebhardt; P Murray; R Nawrodt; J Nelson; R Oshaughnessy; C D Ott; C Palomba; A Paoli; G Parguez; A Pasqualetti; R Passaquieti; D Passuello; L Pinard; R Poggiani; P Popolizio; M Prato; P Puppo; D Rabeling; P Rapagnani; J Read; T Regimbau; H Rehbein; S Reid; L Rezzolla; F Ricci; F Richard; A Rocchi; S Rowan; A Rüdiger; B Sassolas; B Sathyaprakash; R Schnabel; C Schwarz; P Seidel; A Sintes; K Somiya; F Speirits; K Strain; S Strigin; P Sutton; S Tarabrin; A Thüring; J van den Brand; C van Leewen; M van Veggel; C van den Broeck; A Vecchio; J Veitch; F Vetrano; A Vicere; S Vyatchanin; B Willke; G Woan; P Wolfango; K Yamamoto

doi:10.1088/0264-9381/27/19/194002

Classical and Quantum Gravity

The Einstein Telescope: a third-generation gravitational wave observatory

M Punturo^1,2, M Abernathy³, F Acernese^4,5, B Allen⁶, N Andersson⁷, K Arun⁸, F Barone^4,5, B Barr³, M Barsuglia⁹, M Beker¹⁰, N Beveridge³, S Birindelli¹¹, S Bose¹², L Bosi¹, S Braccini¹³, C Bradaschia¹³, T Bulik¹⁴, E Calloni^4,15, G Cella¹³, E Chassande Mottin⁹, S Chelkowski¹⁶, A Chincarini¹⁷, J Clark¹⁸, E Coccia^19,20, C Colacino¹³, J Colas², A Cumming³, L Cunningham³, E Cuoco², S Danilishin²¹, K Danzmann⁶, G De Luca²², R De Salvo²³, T Dent¹⁸, R De Rosa^4,15, L Di Fiore^4,15, A Di Virgilio¹³, M Doets¹⁰, V Fafone^19,20, P Falferi²⁴, R Flaminio²⁵, J Franc²⁵, F Frasconi¹³, A Freise¹⁶, P Fulda¹⁶, J Gair²⁶, G Gemme¹⁷, A Gennai¹⁶, A Giazotto^2,13, K Glampedakis²⁷, M Granata⁹, H Grote⁶, G Guidi^28,29, G Hammond³, M Hannam³⁰, J Harms³¹, D Heinert³², M Hendry³, I Heng³, E Hennes¹⁰, S Hild³, J Hough⁴, S Husa³³, S Huttner³, G Jones¹⁸, F Khalili²¹, K Kokeyama¹⁶, K Kokkotas²⁷, B Krishnan³³, M Lorenzini²⁸, H Lück⁶, E Majorana³⁴, I Mandel^35,36, V Mandic³¹, I Martin³, C Michel²⁵, Y Minenkov^19,20, N Morgado²⁵, S Mosca^4,15, B Mours³⁷, H Müller–Ebhardt⁶, P Murray³, R Nawrodt³, J Nelson³, R Oshaughnessy³⁸, C D Ott³⁹, C Palomba³⁴, A Paoli², G Parguez², A Pasqualetti², R Passaquieti^13,40, D Passuello¹³, L Pinard²⁵, R Poggiani^13,40, P Popolizio², M Prato¹⁷, P Puppo³⁴, D Rabeling¹⁰, P Rapagnani^34,41, J Read³³, T Regimbau¹¹, H Rehbein⁶, S Reid³, L Rezzolla³³, F Ricci^34,41, F Richard², A Rocchi¹⁹, S Rowan³, A Rüdiger⁶, B Sassolas²⁵, B Sathyaprakash¹⁸, R Schnabel⁶, C Schwarz⁴², P Seidel⁴², A Sintes³³, K Somiya³⁹, F Speirits³, K Strain³, S Strigin²¹, P Sutton¹⁸, S Tarabrin²¹, A Thüring⁶, J van den Brand¹⁰, C van Leewen¹⁰, M van Veggel³, C van den Broeck¹⁸, A Vecchio¹⁶, J Veitch¹⁶, F Vetrano^28,29, A Vicere^28,29, S Vyatchanin²¹, B Willke⁶, G Woan³, P Wolfango⁴³ and K Yamamoto⁶

Published 21 September 2010 • 2010 IOP Publishing Ltd
Classical and Quantum Gravity, Volume 27, Number 19 Citation M Punturo et al 2010 Class. Quantum Grav. 27 194002 DOI 10.1088/0264-9381/27/19/194002

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¹ INFN, Sezione di Perugia, I-6123 Perugia, Italy

² European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina (Pi), Italy

³ Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK

⁴ INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Italy

⁵ Università di Salerno, Fisciano, I-84084 Salerno, Italy

⁶ Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany

⁷ University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK

⁸ LAL, Université Paris-Sud, IN2P3/CNRS, F-91898 Orsay, France

⁹ AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC), CNRS; Observatoire de Paris-Université Denis Diderot-Paris VII, France

¹⁰ VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

¹¹ Université Nice 'Sophia-Antipolis', CNRS, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, F-06304 Nice, France

¹² Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA

¹³ INFN, Sezione di Pisa, Italy

¹⁴ Astro. Obs. Warsaw Univ. 00-478; CAMK-PAM 00-716 Warsaw; Bialystok Univ. 15-424; IPJ 05-400 Swierk–Otwock; Inst. of Astronomy 65-265 Zielona Gora, Poland

¹⁵ Università di Napoli 'Federico II', Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy

¹⁶ University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK

¹⁷ INFN, Sezione di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy

¹⁸ Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 3AA, UK

¹⁹ INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata I-00133 Roma, Italy

²⁰ Università di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133, Roma, Italy

²¹ Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia

²² INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi l'Aquila, Italy

²³ LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA

²⁴ INFN, Gruppo Collegato di Trento, Sezione di Padova; Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, CNR-Fondazione Bruno Kessler, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy

²⁵ Laboratoire des Matériaux Avancés (LMA), IN2P3/CNRS, F-69622 Villeurbanne, Lyon, France

²⁶ University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0HA, UK

²⁷ Theoretical Astrophysics (TAT) Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany

²⁸ INFN, Sezione di Firenze, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy

²⁹ Università degli Studi di Urbino 'Carlo Bo', I-61029 Urbino, Italy

³⁰ Department of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, A-1090 Vienna, Austria

³¹ University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA

³² Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena PF 07737 Jena, Germany

³³ Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute) Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany

³⁴ INFN, Sezione di Roma 1, I-00185 Roma, Italy

³⁵ Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA

³⁶ NSF Astronomy and Astrophysics Postdoctoral Fellow

³⁷ LAPP-IN2P3/CNRS, Université de Savoie, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France

³⁸ The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA

³⁹ Caltech–CaRT, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA

⁴⁰ Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy

⁴¹ Università 'La Sapienza', I-00185 Roma, Italy

⁴² INFN, Sezione di Roma Tre and Università di Roma Tre—Dipartimento di Fisica, I-00146 Roma, Italy

⁴³ Università degli Studi di Firenze, I-50121, Firenze, Italy

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Received 19 May 2010
Published 21 September 2010

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Abstract

Advanced gravitational wave interferometers, currently under realization, will soon permit the detection of gravitational waves from astronomical sources. To open the era of precision gravitational wave astronomy, a further substantial improvement in sensitivity is required. The future space-based Laser Interferometer Space Antenna and the third-generation ground-based observatory Einstein Telescope (ET) promise to achieve the required sensitivity improvements in frequency ranges. The vastly improved sensitivity of the third generation of gravitational wave observatories could permit detailed measurements of the sources' physical parameters and could complement, in a multi-messenger approach, the observation of signals emitted by cosmological sources obtained through other kinds of telescopes. This paper describes the progress of the ET project which is currently in its design study phase.

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