Table of contents

Collective electronic excitations at metal surfaces are well known to play a key role in a wide spectrum of science, ranging from physics and materials science to biology. Here we focus on a theoretical description of the many-body dynamical electronic response of solids, which underlines the existence of various collective electronic excitations at metal surfaces, such as the conventional surface plasmon, multipole plasmons and the recently predicted acoustic surface plasmon. We also review existing calculations, experimental measurements and applications.

In this paper, we will develop the perturbative framework for the calculation of hard-scattering processes. We will undertake to provide both a reasonably rigorous development of the formalism of hard-scattering of quarks and gluons as well as an intuitive understanding of the physics behind the scattering. We will emphasize the role of logarithmic corrections as well as power counting in α_S in order to understand the behaviour of hard-scattering processes. We will include 'rules of thumb' as well as 'official recommendations', and where possible will seek to dispel some myths. We will also discuss the impact of soft processes on the measurements of hard-scattering processes. Experiences that have been gained at the Fermilab Tevatron will be recounted and, where appropriate, extrapolated to the LHC.